Toyota Gets Nod For Its All-Solid-State EV Battery In Japan
The Japanese auto giant plans to develop next generation batteries at Prime Planet Energy Solution and Primeearth EV energy.
Solid State Battery
Samsung Showcases Solid State Battery For EVs With 1,000 km Range
The South Korean conglomerate is among the biggest players to perform R&D to creates batteries for future EVs.
Top 5 Carmakers Working On Solid-State Batteries For EVs – Toyota To BYD
There are some established, as well as new auto companies, that are focusing their resources on developing solid-state batteries. I have compiled a list of the top 5 most prominent auto giants/conglomerates that are developing solid-state batteries for their EVs. Many car manufacturers have either set up connections with other conglomerates or battery companies or are developing new tech in-house. The route toward the future of electric mobility seems to go through solid-state battery technology. While there are dozens of new tech in the works in many parts of the world, solid-state batteries seem to be emerging as the most feasible and widely acceptable solution, at least in the immediate future. You might also like: CATL Unveils World’s First LFP Battery With a 1,000-km Range Top 5 Companies Developing Solid-State Batteries For EVs Toyota It is a well-known fact in the automobile industry that Toyota is the least bullish on complete electrification among all legacy carmakers in the world. Interestingly, it was among the first vehicle manufacturers to adopt a hybrid powertrain over 2 decades ago. It still believes in the power of hybrid cars, as well as hydrogen. Hence, it is not working aggressively toward stuffing its portfolios with pure EVs. But that is not to say that it has no plans of ever going in full throttle on EVs. It is developing a solid-state battery and has even released a timeline of when it plans to come out with it. It has joined hands with the petroleum giant, Idemitsu Kosan. The two players are set to unveil their first solid-state battery by 2026-27. The final aim is to create a battery with a 1,200 km (746 mi.) range. Nissan Next up, we have yet another Japanese auto giant on this list. Nissan has been investing heavily in its All-Solid-State Battery (ASSB) technology. The unique aspect about Nissan’s solid-state batteries is its approach to eliminate the need for cooling. While the existing EV batteries rely on air or liquid cooling methods, Nissan believes that solid-state cells can withstand higher temperatures without compromising safety or performance. It will collaborate with NASA and UC San Diego, incorporating AI techniques to address issues like lithium dendrite growth, ensuring the safety and durability of the solid-state cells. You might also like: StoreDot and Polestar Achieve 10-Minute Charging w/ Si-Dominant Cells Stellantis Now I understand that Nissan is also a part of Stellantis, but I am considering it separately since the conglomerate had announced a crucial partnership by investing in Factorial Energy which is headquartered in the U.S. in 2022. At the time, Stellantis CEO Carlos Tavares said, “Stellantis is full-speed ahead on its electrification transformation with 33 electrified models available right now, and eight battery electric vehicles coming in the next 18 months.” Factorial Energy CEO Siyu Huang commented, “We continue to move aggressively towards our goal of delivering automotive-scale, solid-state battery technology to our customers.” Last month, Factorial signed an MoU with LG Chem for the development of solid-state battery technology. BYD and Nio with CATL It is nigh impossible to talk EVs without mentioning Chinese carmakers. We know that the Chinese automobile market drives the trajectory of the overall global auto industry. This is particularly true with electric cars. BYD is among the biggest EV makers on the planet. In fact, in the last quarter of last year, it even overtook Tesla as the highest-selling EV company on the planet. Nio is a Chinese luxury auto giant which offers incredibly tech-savvy vehicles to rival the premium carmakers from the West. Both these Chinese giants are working in tandem with CATL, the world’s largest EV battery company, to develop futuristic batteries. In February this year, CATL, BYD, Nio, CALB and some others announced a consortium to build a supply chain for solid-state batteries for their EVs by 2030. SAIC Finally, we have the Chinese conglomerate, SAIC, completing this list of top companies developing solid-state batteries for their EVs. It is one of China’s four largest carmakers. It owns SAIC Maxum, SAIC Volkswagen, MG, Baojun and Wuling. SAIC will introduce its first EV with a semi-solid-state battery, the IM L7, in October this year. The mass production of solid-state batteries for its EVs will commence from 2026 onwards. Interestingly, SAIC is not just working on solid-state batteries but on a full-stack technology solution for intelligent vehicles and a new platform with Audi for the Chinese market. Hence, it is one of those conglomerates which is quite close to introducing this tech to its upcoming mass-production electric cars. You might also like: Mazda and Panasonic To Work On Cylindrical Cells For EV Batteries Learn Electric Cars Says As things stand at the moment, I believe solid-state batteries are slated to play an imperative role in shaping the future of electric mobility across the globe. This seems to be the case despite new battery tech emerging almost every other week. With the sheer level of R&D and partial applications already, these batteries satisfy most needs of modern EVs. These include things like affordability, reliability, safety, range, weight and more. I shall keep covering further developments in this space as more information surfaces.
Top 3 Potential Alternatives To Lithium-Ion Batteries For EVs
In a world where new EV battery tech is being developed almost every other day, it seems like Lithium-ion chemistry might not be the only way forward. As the R&D in EV battery technology progresses, we might soon get acquainted with the alternatives to Lithium-ion batteries for EVs. In fact, in small volumes, there are already some of these alternatives being used. However, to have either of these on a commercially large scale is still distant. In any case, this opens up new avenues to explore to tackle the shortcomings of Lithium-ion batteries. You might also like: New CATL Batteries To Retain 80% Capacity After 12 Years Alternatives To Lithium-Ion Batteries For EVs Carmakers have been using Lithium-ion batteries in EVs on a large scale for a good part of a decade now. Its advantages include high energy density, decent safety, great affordability, long battery lifespan, power, etc. In fact, a typical Li-ion battery has an energy density of 150-220 Wh/kg. But its cons will come to the surface in times to come. This includes dependence on rare earth minerals like Nickel, Manganese and Cobalt (NMC), water and resource-intensive mining processes and complexity during recycling. Hence, researchers are looking for alternatives. Among others, the most promising options are the following: Sodium-Ion Batteries One of the most promising types of chemistry which could replace Li-ion is Sodium-ion. There are specific reasons for this. In contrast to Lithium which only has limited reserves and the mining process is resource-intensive, Sodium is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust. To put things into perspective, the Sodium-to-Lithium ratio in Earth’s crust is 23,600 parts per million (ppm) to 20 ppm. Even the cost of extraction is substantially lower. Manufacturing-wise, these batteries can be produced at the same facilities and production lines as the existing Li-ion batteries. Hence, the scalability can be rapid. Moreover, Sodium possesses the ability to be stored and transported at zero volts. This results in massive safety promises. It is also low flammable, further enhancing its safety aspects. One of the downsides, however, is the low energy density – 140-160 Wh/kg. This reduces the range of EVs, which is a big obstacle in its mass adoption. Secondly, a typical Li-ion battery has a lifespan of around 8,000-10,000 charging cycles. But Sodium-ion batteries are only able to achieve around 5,000. Nevertheless, research is going on to tackle these issues in various parts of the world. You might also like: Next-Gen EV Batteries From Korean Giants Unveiled At InterBattery 2024 Solid State Batteries Solid-state batteries offer several advantages over traditional batteries. By using solid electrolytes, they mitigate the risk of dendrite formation, enhancing battery longevity. Furthermore, their reduced flammability improves safety, while their higher energy density and faster charging cycles provide superior performance. However, challenges exist, including scalability issues compared to sodium batteries, which are lower in cost and easier to integrate into existing production infrastructure. Manufacturing costs for solid-state batteries are presently higher than lithium-ion batteries, hindering widespread adoption. To propel solid battery technology, durable solid-state electrolytes must be developed, although the ideal electrolyte remains elusive. Nonetheless, companies like Solid Power are making strides, boasting a sulfide electrolyte-based battery with significantly higher energy density than lithium-ion alternatives. Solid Power aims to power 800,000 electric vehicles annually by 2028 with its solid-state technology. While solid-state batteries are commercially available for small-scale applications like wearable electronics, IoT devices, and medical implants, they are not yet suitable for large-scale energy storage. Shirley Meng emphasizes the need for realism, asserting that while viable for IoT and wearables, solid-state batteries must scale to produce terawatt hours of energy to truly impact the energy transition. You might also like: Are EVs With 1000 km Range Still A Distant Reality? Lithium-Sulphur Batteries As the name suggests, these batteries still use some Lithium. But because Sulphur is used instead of NMC, it is more abundantly available in the earth’s core and is less resource-intensive to extract. Apart from that, Sulphur is also a by-product of natural gas processing and oil refining. Till the time this process continues, there won’t be any shortage of Sulphur. The resemblance with Li-ion batteries ensures that their production is easy and scalable using the same manufacturing plants and processes. These are also considerably more energy-dense in comparison to regular Li-ion batteries. On the other end of the spectrum, there are some peculiar disadvantages which prevent commercialization at the moment. These include poor chargeability which leads to the formation of tree-like structures called dendrites. They can cause short circuits and battery failure. Also, the prototypes have just been able to work for 50 charge cycles, rendering them useless to power EVs. Interestingly, Lithium-Sulphur batteries already exist in the mass market in products like electronic gadgets and wearables. You might also like: Nyobolt Battery Can Charge Fully In Just 6 Minutes Learn Electric Cars Says The EV revolution has reached an intriguing point in its journey. In developed markets like the USA and China, the demand has slowed down. On the other hand, there are still some prominent markets where the transition is still at a much nascent stage but the demand and sales are exponential. These would be countries like India, Brazil, Thailand, Singapore, etc. In the meantime, there are new breakthroughs in EV battery technology on a daily basis. This constant development is not going to stop anytime soon. Therefore, at this point, we can infer that there will probably be no single silver bullet. Multiple batteries and technologies would co-exist depending on the use cases. That’s why it is prudent to learn about all the new EV battery types that have a shot of making it to the mass market as alternatives to Lithium-ion batteries for EVs.
Toyota to Launch Solid-State Battery by 2027 – Here’s The Problem
Toyota has seemingly been lagging behind in the EV race but that might finally be about to change. With its in-house solid-state battery launch by 2027-28, Toyota has finally come around to mainstream electrification. Industry experts and customers were intrigued by Toyota’s decision to keep investing its time and resources in hydrogen and other alternative energy sources to power its future automobiles. While the entire industry is making a gradual shift towards EVs, Toyota was busy exploring all other possible avenues to arrive at eco-friendly mobility solutions. This doesn’t mean that it was averse to EVs. In fact, it had announced comprehensive plans to launch 30 BEVs (including Lexus cars) by the end of the decade. But in comparison to the legacy automakers and new startups, it was definitely sluggish. That is why this announcement of developing in-house next-gen batteries in association with Idemitsu was welcome news. However, there is a rather peculiar issue with that as well. You might also like: Nissan Sets Out to Revolutionize Its Solid-State Battery Technology Toyota to Launch Solid-State Battery by 2027 As per the official press release from Toyota, its collaboration with the Japanese petroleum company Idemitsu to create next-gen EV batteries will unfold in three phases – Toyota Motor Corporation President and CEO, Koji Sato said, “Idemitsu Kosan and Toyota Motor Corporation have agreed to collaborate on the mass production of solid-state batteries. Specifically, our two companies will combine their separate efforts to mass-produce new materials and establish a supply chain for solid electrolytes, which hold the key to the commercialization of solid-state batteries. First, between 2027 and 2028, we will start to produce solid-state batteries for use in battery electric vehicles. We will then lay the foundation for mass production.” You might also like: Best Methods and Challenges of Recycling Electric Vehicle Batteries Toyota’s Battery Technology Roadmap Toyota also provided a step-by-step roadmap toward achieving the target of a 1,200 km-range (746 mi) EV battery in the coming years. This starts with launching the first of its next-gen batteries starting in 2026. They will offer a range in excess of 800 km (497 mi). It would be able to hit this number even with Lithium-ion chemistry. With the Li-Fe-PO chemistry, the company aims to produce EV batteries which could provide an impressive range of over 1,000 km (621 miles) on a single charge. For these batteries, the EV owners will be able to charge from 10% to 80% in just 20 mins. After 2027-28, the Lithium-ion batteries will finally feature solid-state electrolytes. They will be able to offer a range of over 1,200 km with a 10-minute charging time for 10-80% SoC. Problem with Solid-State Battery from Toyota While all this sounds appropriate and promising, the Japanese automaker mentions that there will be enough solid-state batteries for a few thousand EVs even in 2027-28. As a matter of fact, by 2030 when the company plans to go into the “mass production” phase, there will only be around 10,000 batteries. Interestingly, Toyota wants to sell around 3.5 million BEVs by 2030, as per its plans. Surely, 10,000 doesn’t sound like much. Not to mention, even this will happen if the Japanese carmaker promises to keep its word. You might also like: Potential and Challenges of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Learn Electric Cars Says Toyota might well be late to the party, but that is not the only concerning thing. Its plans are still not convincing enough to make it one of the top players in the world in the electrification age. Our readers might already know that Toyota has held the position of the largest carmaker in the world on multiple occasions. However, transitioning into the EV age might change that. Firstly, it had been reluctant to give up on hydrogen and alternate sources of fuel and technology. Now that it has finally announced huge plans for EVs in the coming decade, its technology and commitment toward EV batteries seems lacking in terms of the volume it aims to sell. It would be interesting to see if Toyota makes any changes to the timeline or the volume before its sold-state battery launch.
Top Solid-State Battery Companies For EVs
There are over 40 solid-state battery companies for EVs across the world at the moment. Some of these are owned or operated by the legacy carmakers themselves to stay ahead in the competition of the EV wave. These batteries have a cathode (+) and a solid-state ceramic separator in contact with the anode (-) which is formed after ion transfer. As the battery charges, the Lithium ions travel through the ceramic separator and deposit on the contact surface on the other side making an anode of pure metallic Lithium. You might also like: Does the Future of EVs Rest on Sodium Ion Batteries? This Lithium metal anode allows the energy to be stored in the battery in a smaller area increasing the energy density. Hence, the overall weight of this configuration is lower than the regular Lithium-ion batteries, the energy density is higher leading to an increased range, charging times are shorter and the system is non-inflammable. This construction, essentially, addresses all the shortcomings typical of Li-ion batteries. However, mass production has not commenced yet. Here are the top 5 companies that are developing this technology. You might also like: Are Chargers at DC Fast Charging Stations Bad For EVs? Top Solid-State Battery Companies For EVs Volkswagen & Bill Gates – QuantumScape QuantumScape is an American company that makes solid-state batteries for EVs and is based in San Jose, California. It was established in 2010 and employs around 400 people. However, the most important aspect of this company is the fact that it is backed by Volkswagen and Bill Gates. Its main features include a 650 km range, 380-500 Wh/kg energy density (regular Li-ion batteries have somewhere around 250 Wh/kg) and a charge time of around 15 mins. BMW & Ford – Solid Power Solid Power is a solid-state battery manufacturer that is partners with BMW and Ford. It specializes in sulfide-based solid ion-conducting chemistry (replacing liquid electrolytes in regular Li-ion batteries) and also swapping the graphite anode with a Lithium metal anode. It is producing 2 Ah cells with 320 Wh/kg energy density. You might also like: Tesla Battery (4680) vs BYD Blade Battery – Comparison Toyota and Panasonic – Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. The Japanese auto-giant in amidst developing its own solid-state batteries to power future EVs. It partnered with Panasonic to form Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. It is planning to produce solid-state batteries in limited numbers by 2025. The batteries will have a range of 700 km and will have a charging time from 0-100% of 10-15 mins. Hyundai – Factorial Energy With extensive research and investment in solid-state batteries over the past 6 years, Factorial Energy is a Hyundai-backed company. At the 2023 Consumers Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, Factorial showcased its 100 Ah prototype cells. These will offer 30% higher energy density than the traditional Li-ion batteries. With such giants of the automotive industry backing this technology, it sure looks like a matter of time before mass production of these solid-state batteries for EVs starts offering greater and safer alternatives to the existing Li-ion batteries. Apart from that, alternative battery technologies like Sodium-ion will also witness some more R&D. Within a brief span of a few years, consumers might have a wide choice while considering electric cars in terms of price, range and safety.